Hamza and Umar exchange insults with Ghazanfar and challenge him to battle outside the fortress of Armanus

Dateca. 1570

Attributed to Mukhlis and Madhva Khurd Indian

Label TextThis page comes from one of the world’s most monumental illustrated manuscripts, valued for its workmanship, page size, length, and patronage. Commissioned by the Mughal emperor Akbar while still in his teens, the Hamzanama took 15 years and an army of artists to complete. Each of its 1,400 oversized pages consisted of a complex illustration on cloth backed by text on paper. As the images were held up in turn and the tale was recited, the experience would have been akin to watching an animated film. The Hamzanama recounts the real and imaginary adventures of Hamza, uncle of the prophet Muhammad, as he travels the world to spread Islam. In this image, he rides in from the lower right and exchanges insults with Ghazanfar, ruler of the wildly patterned fortress, to goad him into a fight. The episode concludes with Hamza stealing Ghazanfar’s armor, conquering the fortress, and converting its inhabitants.

Object number68.160

Photo CreditPhoto: Paul Macapia

Exhibition HistoryWashington, D.C., Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, The Adventures of Hamza, June 23, 2002 - Oct. 21, 2003. Seattle, Washington, Seattle Asian Art Museum, Boundless: Stories of Asian Art, Feb. 8, 2020 - ongoing [on view Feb. 8, 2020 - July 11, 2021].Published ReferencesHeermaneck, Alice, "Masterpieces of Indian Painting formerly in the Nasli M. Heermaneck Collections," Alice N. Heermaneck, Publisher, 1984, plate 140, p. 172; text p. 151. (Cf. 46.28, 45.69, 57.78) "Selected Works." Seattle, WA: Seattle Art Museum, 1991, p. 150 Beach, Milo Cleveland, "The New Cambridge History of India: Mughal and Rajput Painting," Cambridge University Press, 1992, Color Plate C, p. 64-65 Seyller, John. "The Adventures of Hamza", Washington, D.C.: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, 2002, cat. no. 38, illus. p. 130 Foong, Ping, Xiaojin Wu, and Darielle Mason. "An Asian Art Museum Transformed." Orientations vol. 51, no. 3 (May/June 2020): pp. 56-57, reproduced fig. 17.

Credit LineGift of Dr. and Mrs. Richard E. Fuller

Dimensions34 15/16 x 28 3/4 in. (88.8 x 73cm)

MediumOpaque watercolor, ink and gold on cloth with paper backing