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Blocks

Photo: Paul Macapia

Blocks

2003

Annie Mae Young

American, Gee's Bend, Alabama, 1928 - 2013

Some rules are meant to be broken. Take the perfect pinwheel or the balanced log cabin. Both are standard designs that quilters might follow to order their compositions. In a small community at the bend of a river in Alabama, however, women invent their own rules. Annie Mae Young is one of the master quilters from this area who have become extremely well known for the unique visual organization of their works. Some see these quilts as glorifying confusion, perhaps to keep evil from approaching whoever sleeps underneath them. Others see this style as refined visual exuberance. You can decide for yourself in the following pages about Annie Mae Young and the Gee's Bend Quilters Collective.
Quilted fabric
90 1/2 x 74 in. (229.9 x 188 cm.)
General Acquisition Fund, in honor of the 75th Anniversary of the Seattle Art Museum
2005.199
Provenance: Annie Mae Young, artist; Elizabeth Leach Gallery, Portland, Oregon, 2005
Photo: Paul Macapia
location
Not currently on view

I never did like the book patterns some people had. Those things had too many little bitty blocks...However I get them, that's how I used them….

Annie Mae Young, 2002, The Quilts of Gee's Bend

How Is the Gee's Bend Aesthetic Related to Minimalism?

"Because they are so reductive in design, these works suggest obvious parallels with another clannish group of artists practicing at the same time. Both Minimalism and Gee's Bend began practically (Gee's born out of slavery, Minimalism as an ideological rejection of Greenbergian formalism), and each thrived as out groups. Both pared away detail to reveal elemental structure, marrying process to form as the basic emblem of a human signature. Each drew inspiration from what was close at hand (the log cabin, the modernist grid), making variations on those essential forms the hallmark of an individual artist's sensibility. Both groups rehabilitated humble, discarded, nontraditional materials into their work, as a practical response to their environment and as a statement of their difference."

—Christopher French, Glasstire: Visual art in Texas Online, 2002
Untitled, 1973, Kenneth Noland, 76.87.18

Singing and Quilting

Quilting is part of a faith tradition in Gee's Bend, and spiritual songs often accompany sewing. The music of this region has been recorded, and many quilters have commented on their need for song to accompany their work:

Nettie Young has said, "Quilting is mostly singing. And so it sound like it ought to be music in that quilt, it really do, because that's sure the way we make them."

Linda Pettway says that as she sews, "I'll strike out on a moan. I'll sing, 'Lord, if you don't help me, I can't stand the storm.'"

Jessie Pettway credits singing with energizing her: "When I'm sitting up at night, if I can have that spirit of singing, I can sew longer and I won't even get sleepy. And everybody else has gone to bed, and I could be sitting up here way in the night sewing."

—Bernard L. Herman, Gee's Bend: The Architecture of the Quilt, 2006, p. 217
Sewing a quilt. Gees Bend, Alabama, 1937, photograph by Arthur Rothstein
Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, FSA-OWI Collection, LC-USF34-T01-025363-D DLC

What Is "Gee's Bend?"

Gee's Bend is a small-town community living on a u-shaped sliver of land on a curve in the Alabama River. It gets its name from James Gee, a plantation owner who sold his plantation to Mark Pettway in 1845. Many Gee's Bend residents are decedents of former Pettway plantation slaves and bear the Pettway name. After emancipation, many Gee's Bend residents continued to work the land as tenant farmers and then were able to buy their homesteads during a New Deal-sponsored program in the 1940s. Gee's Bend became known for its participation in the Freedom Quilting Bee in the 1960s and for its strong response to Dr. Martin Luther King's voting rights crusade. Since 2002, the quilts made by four generations of women have made the community famous for its artistic vision.
Home of the Pettways, [ . . . ] At Gees Bend, Alabama, 1937
Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, FSA/OWI Collection, LC-USF34-T01-025380-D

Minimalist Compositions Using Squares and Rectangles

Untitled, 1973, Kenneth Noland, 76.87.18
Lead-Aluminum Plain, 1969, Carl Andre, 77.10
Untitled, 1967, makes for an interesting comparison with Carl Andre's Lead-Aluminum Plain, 1969. Andre and Judd shared a studio space in 1959 in which both artists experimented with industrial materials that they shaped into concrete geometrical forms. Andre stated, "My arrangements I've found are essentially the simplest I can arrive at, given a material and a place ... the one thing I learned in my work is that to make the work I wanted you couldn't impose properties on the materials. You have to reveal the properties of the material." (Carl Andre as quoted in Tate Liverpool Minimalism catalogue, 1978)
Ollytyumbo, 1978, Peter Millett, 78.67
Khartoum, 1995, Mary Henry, 96.30
Keeper Hill, 2003, Robert Yoder, 2003.123

Other Patchwork Textiles in SAM's Collection

Gypsy Baron crazy quilt, ca. 1887, Mrs. Jones, 75.23
Photo: Paul Macapia
Sylvia Plath Quilt, 1980, Ross Palmer Beecher, 98.86
Pojagi (wrapping cloth), 20th century, Korean, 96.22

The Artistic Achievement of Gee's Bend

"The textile artists of Gee's Bend are the inheritors of a tradition that undoubtedly goes back many generations, though earlier examples of their community's quilts are lost. The Gee's Bend quilts also represent only a portion of the rich tradition of African American quilt making in the South, but they are in a league by themselves. Few other places can boast the density of Gee's Bend's artistic achievement, which is the result both of geographical isolation and an unusual degree of cultural continuity. In few other places can we find surviving examples of work by three and some times four generations of women in the same family, or trace the lineages of different community quilting groups. And in few places can we find so many quilts with so much flair, pieced in bold, improvised geometrics from salvaged work clothes and dresses, cotton sacks and fabric samples."

—Alvia Wardlaw, "Introduction," The Quilts of Gee's Bend, 2002, p. 8
Gee's Bend , 1947, Jacob Lawrence
Collection of the Evansville Museum of Arts, History & Science, Evansville, Indiana. © 2007 Jacob and Gwendolyn Lawrence Foundation, Seattle / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York

Media

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133
Ross Palmer Beecher, Artist, shares her insight on Gee's Bend
From "The Quilts of Gee's Bend," produced by Tinwood Media
Watch a clip from a movie about Gee's Bend.

Resources

Exhibition HistorySeattle, Washington, Seattle Asian Art Museum, Mood Indigo: Textiles from Around the World, Apr. 9 - Oct. 9, 2016.

Seattle, Washington, Seattle Art Museum, American Art: The Stories We Carry, Oct. 20, 2022 - ongoing.
Published ReferencesIshikawa, Chiyo et al. "Seattle Art Museum Downtown." Seattle, WA: Seattle Art Museum, 2007, illus. p. 40

Ishikawa, Chiyo, ed. "A Community of Collectors: 75th Anniversary Gifts to the Seattle Art Museum." Seattle: Seattle Art Museum, 2007, illus. p. 70

Seattle Art Museum respectfully acknowledges that we are on Indigenous land, the traditional territories of the Coast Salish people. We honor our ongoing connection to these communities past, present, and future.

Learn more about Equity at SAM